The construction sector generates about a third of all waste in Europe. The use of concrete compliant with Minimum Environmental Criteria (CAM) turns waste into a resource, triggering the circular economy on site.
Recycled aggregates are obtained by treating inert waste from Construction and Demolition (C&D). The industrial process involves crushing, de-ironing and screening. The resulting material, classified as End of Waste, partially replaces naturally quarried gravel and crushed stone.
The use of recycled aggregates alters the mix's rheological performance. The presence of old mortar adhering to the stone grains increases porosity, water absorption and hygrometric shrinkage. For this reason, NTC 2018 limits substitution for structural concrete to maximum percentages ranging from 20% to 30% for ordinary classes, requiring carefully balanced mix designs.
Standards
European and international references applicable.
Physical properties
Usage environment
In Italy, the Decree of 23 June 2022 makes a minimum content of recovered/recycled material (at least 5% by total weight) mandatory for all concretes used in public works.